Coca Cola Value of Cultural Understanding

Coca Cola Value of Cultural Understanding Estimation of Cultural Understanding The picked three unique associations which are right now conveying business across various societies are: the Coca-Cola Company, Hilton Hotel Corporation and Ladbrokes plc. The Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company is an industry which has differentiated itself into various societies, expanding its business into globalization. The organization is worked around two center resources, its image and its kin. Built up in 1886, the Coca-Cola Company works in excess of 200 nations and markets in excess of 450 brands and 2800 refreshments items. These items incorporates shimmering and still refreshment, for example, water, juices and juice drink, teas, espressos, beverages and caffeinated drinks. The organization possesses four of the universes top five non-alcoholic shimmering refreshments brands: Coca-Cola, Diet-Coke, Sprite and Fanta.: The organization is a worldwide business, which works on a neighborhood scale, in each network where they work together. They can make with neighborhood center on account of the quality of the Coca-Cola framework, which includes their organization and their packaging accomplices in excess of 300 around the world. In January 2006, the Coca-Cola organization claimed packaging activity were united to shape the packaging speculation working gathering, presently the second-biggest packaging activity in the Coca-Cola framework as far as unit case volume. Companys Culture; The executives standards and qualities In the Coca-Cola Companys proclamation for development, they invest in be an innovator in corporate obligation and express their desire to be among the universes most regarded organizations. Among the keys to procuring that regard is the keeping up world-class measures for reasonable and honorable treatment for all the individuals who works for the organization. They accept that a spot work is in excess of a spot you go regular. It ought to be a position of investigation, imagination, proficient development and relational relationship. It is tied in with being roused and inspired to accomplish unprecedented things. The Coca-Cola Company needs their group to invest wholeheartedly in their work and in building the brand others love. As it is the consolidated abilities, aptitudes, information, experience and energy of their group that makes them what their identity is. Their 90,500 partners far and wide live and work in the business sectors they serve in excess of 86 percent of them outside the U.S. In this topographically different condition, the administration gain from each market and offer those adapting rapidly. Accordingly, the companys culture is always community oriented. Qualities as well as Beliefs The eventual fate of the Coca-Cola Companys business relies upon the imperativeness of the networks where they work. Since the Coca-Cola Company is a worldwide business, they are resident and individuals from a huge number of neighborhood societies and networks. They accept that their obligations go past creating extraordinary tasting drinks. They are submitted and upgrade singular chance. One of the manners in which they contribute is through their charity, with an overwhelming spotlight on training. The Coca-Cola Company bolsters individuals for the privilege to instruction and gives awards to energize individuals in the network they works to advance. They have their own establishment award which give cash backing to the individuals who can't manage the cost of training expenses. The Coca-Cola Company is among those organizations which have reacted to HIV/AIDS and perceived that business must do its part to assist with handling this issue, particularly in Africa. They accept they can add to the maintainability of their business activities by helping the neighborhood network to battle HIV/AIDS. Detail Culture of the Organization The Coca-Cola Company holds a market scope of brands and refreshments item and markets them internationally. The companys culture is progressively communitarian. They gain from each market and offer those adapting rapidly across offices. They move in the direction of guaranteeing the drawn out column: buyer advertising, business authority and establishment administration. Shopper advertising is tied in with extending purchaser inclination through a board and parities arrangement of in excess of 450 brands and in excess of 2800 refreshments items, extended sustenance naming, choice in bundling size and mindful showcasing. Business administration identifies with client and providers association. The organization keeps on building long haul relationship to sell more refreshments and simultaneously, make positive change in the networks where they work and live. Establishment authority alludes to the relationship with their packaging accomplices. The organization don't possess or oversee a large portion of their bottlers; they are free, neighborhood organizations maintaining their own business. In any case, the organization endeavors to work near fortify the Coca-Cola framework. Official Policies; Equivalent Opportunities The Coca-Cola Company gives equivalent chance to every one of their staffs to develop inside the association. They offer inclination to the neighborhood individuals of the nation were they lead business. The organization keeps up a world-class standard for reasonable and noble treatment of the considerable number of individuals who works for the organization. They impart this responsibility in the work environment rights strategy and human rights explanation. The work environment rights strategy serve to guarantee that the organization applies a reliable way to deal with the working environment rights around the world, as a basic piece of their way of life, technique and everyday tasks. The human rights articulation imparts the companys vow to deal with the business around the globe as per the best quality of honesty with a particular accentuation on human rights in the work place. Assorted variety The Coca-Cola Company looks to use its overall group, which is wealthy in various individuals, ability and thoughts. Being a worldwide business, the capacity to get, grasp and works in a multicultural world, both in the commercial center and in the work environment is basic to the companys supportability. The organization make progress toward a comprehensive culture which is characterized by their own seven basic beliefs; authority enthusiasm, respectability, coordinated effort, development, quality and responsibility. The organization take a shot at a consistent schedule to breath life into these qualities through their assorted variety work environment methodology. This technique incorporates projects to pull in, hold and create assorted ability; offer help frameworks for bunches with differing foundations; and instruct all partners. Administration and morals The Coca-Cola Company means to show others how its done and to gain as a matter of fact. They set exclusive expectations for their kin at all levels and endeavor to reliably meet them. The organization is guided by their build up standard of corporate administration and morals. The organization audit their framework to guarantee that they accomplish worldwide accepted procedures as far as straightforwardness and responsibility. The center of the morals and consistence program at the Coca-Cola Company is their code of business lead. The code manages their business lead, requiring genuineness and trustworthiness in all issues. The entirety of the partners and executives are required to peruse and comprehend the code and follow its statutes in the working environment and bigger network. Xenophobic practice The Coca-Cola Company has been restricted by the Kerala High Court, from extricating the ground water for its questionable packaging tasks. The companys Kerala plant has seen allegations that the organization is depleting the districts regular assets and pillaging the earth. The decision could wind up driving the plant to close, as elective wellsprings of the high amounts of water required will be hard to conceive. It has been given one month to stop its extractions. The move comes as a significant triumph for enormous quantities of nearby occupants that have asserted the companys overconsumption of water was transforming their agrarian land into a desert. Equity K Balakrishnan Nair told the organization that it claimed the 40 sections of land of land whereupon its plant stood, however not the ground water underneath it, which is a national asset that has a place with the whole society. Coca-Cola has kept on denying that it drained the water holds, and has said that it will offer against the request. Ethnic The center of the morals and consistence program at The Coca-Cola Company is their Code of Business Conduct. The Code controls the business lead, requiring genuineness and honesty in all issues. The entirety of their partners and chiefs are required to peruse and comprehend the Code and follow its statutes in the work environment and bigger network. The Code is regulated by their Ethics Compliance Committee. This cross-useful senior supervisory group regulates every one of their morals and consistence programs and decides Code infringement and control. Their Ethics Compliance Office has operational obligation regarding training, discussion, observing and evaluation identified with the Code of Business Conduct and consistence issues. Partners overall get an assortment of morals and consistence instructional classes directed by the Ethics Compliance Office. They routinely screen and review their business to guarantee consistence with the Code and the law. They likewise keep up a reliable arrangement of top tier gauges far and wide that administer how they research and handle Code issues. In 2008, we changed the Code to additionally improve its viability Hilton Hotel Corporation Hilton Hotel Corporation is perceived the world over as a transcendent housing cordiality organization, offering visitors and clients the best lodging, administrations, enhancements and incentive for business or relaxation. The Hilton brand has for over 80 years, been equivalent with greatness in the accommodation business. Through responsibility for of the most perceived lodgings on the planet and their recently upgraded brand portfolio, Hilton is presently offering visitors the greatest conceivable assortment of inn encounters. With the 2006 procurement of the London based Hilton worldwide, the Hilton portfolio presently incorporates over

Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI career Research Paper

Government Bureau of Investigation FBI vocation - Research Paper Example 1-5). These days, the FBI is equivalent with national security, and people working for the FBI are viewed as serving their nation. Along these lines, numerous individuals want to have a lifelong working for the FBI, and a significant extent of these imagine themselves similar to a specialist. Nonetheless, the significance of the work that the FBI is engaged with requires an elevated level of security and aptitudes, and thusly, there are solid limitations on who can have a vocation with the FBI, especially as a specialist. The formation of the FBI happened on the grounds that there was no across the country bunch that was liable for social affair insight, and no association was available among state-or city-wide foundations. The purview of the FBI has developed since its initiation, particularly following the expanded spotlight on counter-psychological oppression after the September 11 fear mongering assault. The FBI is a piece of the United States Department of Justice, and contained 11,633 specialists in 2003. The quantity of operators means that how extraordinarily prepared these people are, and the measure of time and cash that is spent in guaranteeing specialists are completely prepared for any event (Jefferys-Jones, 2007, pp. 1-5). Operators inside the FBI satisfy an assortment of jobs, and regularly work uncommon hours in troublesome conditions. Nonetheless, vocations inside the FBI are not restricted to specialists and numerous different positions exist. As an association, the FBI centers around genuine violations that happen inside the fringes of the United States and on fear mongering. The initial step to getting engaged with the FBI as a profession is figuring out what field to seek after. There are various jobs that an individual can attempt in a profession for the FBI. These incorporate filling in as a language specialist, inside a prisoner salvage group, as an expert staff part or as a specialist. Working in the FBI, paying little heed to an indivi dual’s job, includes a high level of devotion and autonomy. All candidates need to have a four-year degree, despite the fact that there is no limitation on what the degree can be in, just as three years’ experience working in the expert world. These are significant models, as they show how devoted, propelled and submitted the individual is. Applications for the FBI are regularly a lot higher than the quantity of opportunities, and therefore it might take a candidate numerous long periods of reapplying to be fruitful. Regarding aptitudes and preparing, the way to deal with entering a FBI vocation is shifted. Numerous individuals want to enter the FBI since the beginning, and thus can tailor their learning around this. Considering law as a degree and being associated with extra-curricular exercises at all degrees of tutoring can work to the candidate’s advantage. Be that as it may, the FBI recruits from a wide scope of various fields, and individuals are not requi red to have any involvement in law or criminal equity to turn into a piece of the FBI, or to be a specialist. As there are numerous applications every year, the most significant part about being acknowledged into a FBI vocation is to be outstanding and to stick out. Of these positions, maybe the most generally perceived is that of a specialist. Being a specialist is an exceptionally specific and requesting work; thus, there are an enormous number of capability prerequisites before an individual can start preparing as a specialist. All individuals wanting to turn into a FBI specialist must breeze through a physical wellness assessment, comprising of four individual appraisals just as meeting

12 Things We Love About Zadie Smith

12 Things We Love About Zadie Smith We love Zadie Smith. Whats not to love? Here are 12 great things about Zadie Smith. 1. Shes writing a space adventure film. (Ill pretty much read anything Zadie Smith writes so I will definitely go see a space adventure film that Zadie Smith writes.) 2. Shes known for her award-winning novels 3. like her radical and passionate and real book about NW London 4. and White Teeth, which she finished writing during her final year at Cambridge. (She sold that book to a publisher before shed even finished writing it, which is crazy rare for a first novel.) 5. But she also writes fabulous nonfiction. Like Changing My Mind, which is excellent (its my personal favorite of her books) and her new book of essays (due out in 2016) called Feel Free. 6. In fact, she can talk about anything, from Fawlty Towers to adapting her voice to fit in at Cambridge to beer ads and make it poignant and interesting and truthful. (Did I mention Ill read anything she writes? Ill read anything she writes.) 7. Shes got style. I dont like to look vulnerable. Thats not a look that particularly interests me. Zadie Smith 8. When she reads out loud its mesmerizing. 9. Shes married to writer Nick Laird, who recently described a typical day in the Laird/Smith household: Like a typical day in any household. It’s not like we’re drinking martinis in kaftans and discussing Proust. You know, changing nappies, looking for matching socks, walking the dog, taking our daughter to school. Waiting for the nanny to come and look after our son. Going for a coffee in the café on the corner. Going to our rooms to work. Unplugging the internet and trying to write. Plugging it back in. Doing the Herald Tribune crossword. Eating lunch. Trying to write. Browsing ebay. Feeling despair. Maybe going for a run. Maybe going for a swim. Getting the kids. Making dinner. Reading, writing, ‘rithmetic. Box sets. Netflix. The usual. We’re working on several scripts together so we get to sit in the local café together and call it work. Nick Laird 10. When she gets stuck with writing she doodles a cartoon duck holding a notepad. 11. She hangs out with the most interesting people. Like Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Karl Ove Knausgard, and Lena Dunham. 12. She mentioned once that she had been writing a book about writing, but abandoned it I hope we get to read it someday because, while Ill read anything she writes, I especially love hearing her talk about books and words and how reading and writing affects our day to day lives. Good reading is an analogy of good living (Jane) Austen does it in a quite simple and beautiful way; other writers do it in incredibly complicated ways. And the complexity of that is a real education of the emotions and an education of the heart and its very hard to get that education elsewhere. A small theoretical text gives you an idea of beauty and makes an argument which you have to come to with your rational mind. A novel can make exactly the same case, but it does it in a different way. And those procedures are vital; theyre really important to becoming a human being. Becoming a human being isnt something that you just get with your birth. Its an exercise, and it takes your whole life. Zadie Smith So if you havent read much Zadie Smith yet Read her! I know youll love her. Save

3 Three Things I Believe - 887 Words

Man is what he believes. is one rule we should all live by, Anton Chekhov, a short story author lived by this and preached it to everyone he met. Each person in this world believes in something or someone, for every high school student, there is a younger middle or elementary school student, who looks up to and believes in that high school student. They will model their life after the high school students , trying as hard as they can to be what they believe. I too model my life on three basic things that I believe; God helps us every day, we can do anything and the power of technology. The first thing I believe helps all of us in our everyday lives is God and the power of prayer. I strongly believe that God works in each and every†¦show more content†¦I vigorously believe there is never a reason to say can t. When someone says they can t do something it implies they have a negative attitude toward themselves, and that they don t want to try. With a little hard work and effort, anything can be done. Last year, before the junior high football season started, all of the freshman got together and agreed that we would do everything in our power to be better than the junior high varsity team was the previous year winning only three games. After a season filled with a great deal of hard work and dedication our team was the first team in over 20 years to beat Manheim Central, and one of the few to few from Cocalico to ever go undefeated. We succeeded in this way for two simple reasons; our coaches would never let us use the word ‘can t and we were expected t o live by one simple rule, that with a little hard work and effort anything can be done. Scientists live by that same rule everyday, always believing anything can be done. This is why I believe the evolving world of technology is the future for just about everything from how we live our lives and the things we do for fun to jobs and careers. What would we do without technology, there would be no NASA, IBM, Microsoft or computers for that matter. Technology helps us in ways we don t even thinkShow MoreRelatedThe Logical Problem Of Evil Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesIn this paper I will discuss the logical problem of evil and how it seems to reject the existence of God as an omni-3 being. I will first layout the logical problem of evil, and then I will explain why it succeeds in disproving the existence of God. I do this through pointing out the contradictions between the definition of God as an omni-3 being and the problem of redeemed and unredeemed evil. As well as by proving that admittance of evil in any way when in reference to the choices of God invalidatesRead MoreTaking a Look at Nicomachean Ethics957 Words   |  4 PagesNicomachean Ethics I chose to write about Aristotle and his beliefs about how the virtuous human being needs friends from Book VIII from Nicomachean Ethics. 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To finish the summer strong we are to analyze once more taking one storyRead MoreA Survey Of The New Testament World862 Words   |  4 Pagesto list three things learned in chapters 1 – 3 of the book: A Survey of the New Testament. Those three things are: (1) The advanced knowledge of the New Testament world. (2) The depth of Judaism in the New Testament. (3) The expanse of Greek Culture and the corruption it brings. I am ashamed to say that even after reading the textbook prior to this one; it never really clicked in my thoughts of just how expansive the knowledge of the Old and New Testament world really was. I suppose I can attributeRead MoreEssay on Personal Credo1623 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many things that I would like to achieve before I reach retirement. The five goals that are the most important to me are: 1. I would like to buy a house. I currently am renting which I feel is a waste of money. 2. 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What each of the 3 main religions all have in common 1st of all are that all 3 of these religions hold to the idea that the God is maleRead MoreFreud s Psychoanalytic Theory Of Personality1384 Words   |  6 Pages In this paper I am going to talk about Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality. I will describe what his theory is about and about what my thoughts are about if I would use this technique or not in my way in counseling. I will also describe different ways that I would still use the Freud’s technique but in my own unique way. Sigmund Freud s psychoanalytic theory of personality argues that human behavior is the result of the interactions among three component parts of the mind: theRead MoreHow Contextualism Can Be Used to Disregard Skepticism1256 Words   |  6 PagesSkepticism. I agree with Cohen’s defense of Contextualism in regard’s to both how he answers Skepticism and Conee’s objections. Cohen starts off his defense of Contextualism by first explaining the skeptical paradox. The skeptical paradox here is the paradox that Cohen sees between Skepticism and Contextualism Cohen argues that he does see conflict in the paradox, as all the terms can be true dependent on the context in which it is used. The skeptical paradox is as follows: - (1) I know thatRead MoreReflection to the Book of Daniel and Revelation1749 Words   |  7 PagesChapter I asked myself, why did God let His people be captivated by the enemy? Learning from the four young men’s story by my past story is important part for me. What I have learned from the story made me realize what is God’s plan for me. A few years back, before I reach NLAC, my lifestyle then was truly unrighteous. I can’t be either called a Christian because of such wickedness I have done and did it many times. Now why did I ask the question above? It is because, this was the question I once askedRead MoreWest Memphis Three1410 Words   |  6 PagesMemphis Three I sit in a crowded court room. I am a juror in the case of the State vs. Damien Echols and Jason Baldwin. Everyone in the country has heard about the West Memphis Three. The murders of Steven Branch, Christopher Byers, and Michael Moore took place on May 5, 1993 in Robin Hood Hill West Memphis, Arkansas.(West Memphis 3) They have been headline news for over a year now. I already have an idea of what I think happened before I have even heard one word from either side. I could

New Ideas Into Essay Topics on the Giver and House of Stairs Never Before Revealed

New Ideas Into Essay Topics on the Giver and House of Stairs Never Before Revealed The Essay Topics on the Giver and House of Stairs Cover Up She has an important part in the Department of Justice. The title was intriguing and accurate. So are most of the folks who dwell locally. At one time before, the folks who inhabited Jonas' community meant to create an ideal society. As a member of the community As a member of a community, you ought to be in a position to do everything which you can for the benefit of the community. As stated above, freedom is lost among these folks, they can't even consider making their own choices. On the flip side, Cuba and the Community and similar in the manner that in both places, a number of the citizens rights are taken away and they're not permitted to leave the land. He changes during the plan of the novel as a result of his experiences and actions. This is because the citizens within this society don't have any choices. Release is the e xpression for death inside this community. To release is to really kill, to administer euthanasia that's horrible and wrong. Thank you Con for this enjoyable, relaxing, and first and foremost intriguing debate. He's very thoughtful and doesn't enjoy the concept of him or anyone else feeling excluded or feeling like they don't fit in. A Utopia'' that may not be that far off later on. Feelings are among the absolute most essential things in life. Citations and extracts from several sources have to be formatted properly. We are glad to give essay ideas and other strategies for writing essays and papers on this intriguing subject. When you have completed this, you're all set to pick your topic and start writing. This isn't quite the exact same as selecting a topic. As an artist As artists, we ought to be able to acknowledge one another's interests and respect one another's works of arts. Among the powers these governments have above their citizens is the capability to withh old information and block communication. The authority in these types of civilizations take away the rights which every human being should have, and they're outrageously controlling. And don't forget, too cheap doesn't necessarily mean good! Even supposing it's bound to take place sooner or later. Always give your 110% and you'll succeed. In some nations, for instance, social networking websites including Facebook are banned. One other important theme in The Giveris the value of the person. But there also has to be a limit to this. The Foolproof Essay Topics on the Giver and House of Stairs Strategy Your childhood lasts until age twelve. This provides the appearance they can change things if they like, but it's nothing more then appearance. They always do what they're told. I had an excellent time and I hope to get another with you again soon. The Essay Topics on the Giver and House of Stairs Pitfall In the beginning it may look like Jonas is just like every normal boy and not too different from the other children at the community. This year Lily will be an Eight and Jonas is extremely proud of her. There were many characters within this book the major one being Jonas. To Jonas, LilyAAs feelings are almost always straightforward, fairly easy, and usually simple to resolve. He wished in order to share and experience his feelings with different men and women. But she is a rather knowledgeable girl. All the characters serve the intent of showing the flaws inside this so called idyllic Earth, The society they live in are so politically correct that it's almost farcical. Both of these people are the principal characters within this story. Life After Essay Topics on the Giver and House of Stairs You ought to be considered innocent until it can be proven that you're guilty. He has a wide range of interests. This type of government is similar to a dictatorship. Life without meaning isn't worth the lack of conflict and pain. That couldn't be further from the reality. This indicates that to perfect language, you must have a little bit of violence. We see this to find perfect precision of language, you've got to get a punishment in the event the young get it wrong, like with Asher.

Cash Flow Management Free Essays

How To Manage Cash Flow There are several important areas you need to focus on to properly manage cash flow. Collecting receivables, managing credit lines, increasing sales, properly pricing and tracking discounts to customers, securing loans, and properly controlling and recording your cash flow are examples of these areas. It is very important to manage all of these areas and not let one of them spin you into a financial downfall. We will write a custom essay sample on Cash Flow Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now If they do you can quickly find yourself out of business. One way to keep that situation from happening is by tracking your cash flow results every month to determine if your management is creating the type of cash flow your business needs. This also helps you get better and better at creating cash flow projections you can rely on as you make business decisions about expanding your business and taking care of your existing bills. Collecting receivables is obviously a very important part of cash flow. You need the money coming to you in a reasonable amount of time so you need someone to stay on top of the amount of time each customer takes to pay you. This way you can figure out when payments are coming in so you have the money in your accounts when things like payroll come around. When you extend credit lines to customers you need to research how reliable that customer is. Check their credit history, see if their business is growing or faltering and even call and check their references. This way you know when to extend or tighten the credit line. Obviously with new companies it is a little more of a risk but you can always request that they pay with a credit card so you do not find yourself losing your investment. The most important aspect of proper cash flow management is keeping every transaction recorded and the books up to date. If you do this you will know the exact amount of money you have on hand at any instance. This way you will not have hidden surprises from your end and you will not be left with bounced checks or empty bank accounts. Another good idea is to secure a credit line yourself from a bank or other financial institution so if the need arises you can have the money you need when you need it. How to cite Cash Flow Management, Essay examples

Mr. Lee Gun Hee

Introduction Current and future leaders will generate lots of priceless business strategies and other proven business secrets by studying the life of Lee Gun Hee. The study focuses on the life of Lee Gun Hee was a man of his words. The research centered on his life of making Samsung the number one product in the world. He was successful in this endeavor.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Mr. Lee Gun Hee specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The research centers on Lee Gun Hee as an instrument in the metamorphosis of the Samsung brand from a local Korean business enterprise to the world’s number 1 electronics company. The research on the leadership style of Lee Gun Hee is very useful to current and future leaders in all industries, especially those venturing into the saturated world of the hotel and restaurant industries. Mr. Lee Gun Hee’s Beginnings Lee Gun Hee is the chairman of Samsung Electroni cs. He graduated with an economics diploma. The chairman pursued his Master in Business Administration course at George Washington University deep within the confines of the United States in 1966. He was not able to finish his master’s course. During the same year, Lee Gun Hee was elected to be a member of the prestigious International Olympic Committee. In terms of family background, he is one of the children of Samsung’s founder, Lee Byung–Chull. Forbes included Lee Gun Hee as one of the richest men of the world. Lee Gun Hee was convicted for bribery. Lee Gun Hee proudly accepted all responsibility as one of the officers of Samsung Company. Lee Gun Hee and asked for forgiveness for the evils he orchestrated to generate more Samsung product revenues and asking for forgiveness as he resigned from Samsung. Consequently, Lee Gun Hee was incarcerated for his participation in the Samsun Slush fund scandal. After being released from Jail, Lee Gun Hee returned to Sams ung as its chairman to bring back Samsung to its former pedestal as the manufacturer of one of the best electronics brands in the world. To accomplish this task, Lee Gun Hee hired the best minds in South Korea. To ensure the continued leadership in the world electronics industry, Lee Gun Hee hired the best marketing, finance, management, and financial minds from around the world. Mr. Lee Gun Hee as a Stalwart in the Global Electronics Industry Chris Rowley (1) emphasized Lee Gun Hee is one of the stalwarts in the busines industry in South Korea. Lee Gun Hee owned only 1.8 percent of the Samsung stocks. Hundai car owner, Chung Joo Youg, owned 12.1 percent of Samsun. Lee Gun Hee formerly owned 26.55 percent of Samsung. He reduced his shares to only 1.8 percent without changing his controlling share in company. He did not transfer his original authority to the other managers of Samsung.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This clearly shows that stock ownership percentage does not affect the control or management of the company. It was customary in South Korea for the chaebol officers, like Lee Gun Hee, to control Samsung, irrespective of their stock ownership (51). The success of Lee Gun Hee’s management style is grounded on diversification, heavy reliance on external sources of funds and aggressive investment in uncharted or unfamiliar market segments. The Korean market structure focuses on strong state –business relations. The strong Korean state –business relationship that precipitated to the regulation of the market bring unprecedented profitability and viability to Samsung and other Korean companies. The Korean state controlled the variation of organizations among the Korean business organizations. The Korean state’s control of the Korean business organizations has brought economic success to the Korean businesses, t he community, and the state. The states control includes financial regulations, infrastructure, buildings, and innovations in the continually changing Korean economic landscape through preferential treatment for one or more Korean groups of business segments. The state controls the credit policies contracted between the creditors and the business organization borrowers. The Korean business picture depicts high diversification instances and the maintenance of high debt to equity ratios. The Korean business climate is characterized as diversification and easy access to banks to precipitate high debt to equity ratios. Diversification is a necessary requirement for banks to approve the business organizations’ loan applications. Specifically, Samsung’s diversification ratio is 75 percent. Further, Jake Plunketter (1) theorized Lee Gun Hee, vice chairman of Samsung in 1978 when his father, Lee Byung-Chull was one of the major owners of Samsung. The father appointed his third son, lee gun hee, as his successor to handle the management of Samsung. However, Lee Gun Hee only owned a 0.45 percent of the company’s stocks. In 1995, the son maintained control over Samsung eight years after his father died. Lee Gun Hee metamorphosed the Samsung conglomerate from its humble pioneering status, under his father, to the current change-based management style. Lee Gun Hee was instrumental in making Samsung the largest enterprise in South Korea and a world-class trading organization. Lee Gun Hee was pivotal in transforming the Samsung organization from its 70 years of pioneering status to becoming a state of the art world power in the electronics and other related business ventures. Lee Gun Hee singularly orchestrated the new ventures into the aerospace, genetics, and macro molecule industries. Other Samsung flagship projects under Lee Gun Hee included innovative products in the electronics, semiconductor, and communication market segments.Advertising We w ill write a custom research paper sample on Mr. Lee Gun Hee specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lee Gun Hee set the organization’s main goal to be a world-class family electronic appliances and communication products provider. Lee Gun Hee instituted vigorous reforms to grab a large chunk of the global business segment. Lee Gun Hee main management strategy was to instill self –discipline among the line and staff. Consequently, Samsung’s decision making strategies blossomed to unprecedented worldwide efficiency, effectiveness, and profitability levels. Korean employees were shipped to places around the world to manage the Samsung branches. Specifically, Lee Gun Hee promoted 217 people and transferred 38 and 17 technology and globalization experts to production and administration departments around the world. In terms of management style, Lee Gun Hee emphasized the importance of decentralization. Decentralization was a proven success after five years of its challenging implementation. In 1988, one year after Lee Gun Hee took the harness of the Samsung Corporation from his father’s death, sales had skyrocketed to 20,100 billion won. The sales figure generated a 341.1 billion won profit. To be more effective, Jean Lee (364) proposed Lee Gun Hee toured the countries to personally manage each Samsun branch and address Samsung employees around the world in 1993. He personally changed the mindset of each employee to be globally competitive. In a U.S. meeting with its branch line staff, Lee Gun Hee emphasized that the old Samsung had died in 1986 (death of his father). The new Samsung image is to be first class in the production, service, and marketing of its worldwide products. According to Roberto Gomez (713) emphasized there are some factors that influence the control intensity exerted by restaurant manager on their staff. Management is often strict in terms of quality service in the hospitalit y industry. The hospitality industry includes serving the clients’ needs in the hotel, restaurant, and other related agencies. Management’s control intensity is greater between the audits done at regular intervals. Often, there is a connection between service quality and number of clients frequenting the restaurant, hotels, or related facilities. More specifically, there is normally more leadership control in industries where most of the clients rarely return for a second serving or booking. Customer variability is a very complex matter in the service industry. The service providers will stand to lose lots of returning clients if their services are found wanting. According to Bronwen Cowie (47) there are four types of customer viabilities. The types are arrival variability, request variability, capability variability, effort variability, variability in subject preference.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the research indicated there are four categories of customer variability. They are classic reduction, low cost accommodation, uncompromised reduction. The study dictates the hospitality industry players must focus more attention to the unfulfilled services provided to ensure more revenues from the same market segment. There different leadership traits. Bronwen Cowie (47) insists another research conducted shows that leadership had been found to play a crucial role in creating a significant change in the organizations makeup. The leadership is the sole prerogative of the appointed leaders. Some of the members may act as leaders during times when the leader is at a lost. Consequently, the leader approaches the subordinates to help contribute the success of the entire organization. The subordinate’s expertise in one facet of the hospitality management may be a useful tool in augmenting the lack in the appointed leaders’ expertise. Leadership may be inspired b y one’s knowledge, dedication, loyalty, and sincerity. A leader who notices a loyal subordinate may appoint such subordinate to contribute one’s experience in the hotel and restaurant market segment. For example, the subordinate may teach the newly hire leader the rudiments of housekeeping. The new subordinate may train the newly hired superior the best to make mixed the ingredients for a bloody Mary concoction. There are financially straining effects of the hospitality industry relationship when the customer who does not particularly need or want the hotel’s services is being used the normal hard sell marketing strategy. The customer feels he does not need rent a room for two days because of money concerns. Likewise, the customer may not be too enthusiastic to dine in the particular restaurant to one’s hatred for food facilities characterized by overcrowding or long lines of people eager to buy a hamburger. In addition, the high cost of the restaurant ma y discourage the average earner from savoring the restaurants’ sumptuous dishes. In such case, the restaurant manager may feel giving on the prospective clients. The manager feels that would be a waste the manager’s time to talk to people on the street. The manager may feel that the prospective person has no money to pay for restaurant’s premium food prices. Likewise, some managers may feel that the client may not belong to the higher income group because one’s suit or personal appearance give a false clue that the prospective client cannot afford to pay for the high hotel room rates. In reality, the prospective client can afford to pay for the services of the hotel as well as for the high food cost of some of the fine dining restaurant’s costly menu prices. A suspect client is a prospective client who has not money to pay for one’s purchases. Normally, the hotel or restaurant manager may presume that the jobless street beggar without any cl othes on his back is such a suspect client who cannot afford to pay for the delectable dishes. Second, Sanjay Rao reiterated (7) emphasized the prices of the competitors are lower. The company sales person must accept that clients prefer to buy products at a lower price when the benefits and quality are the same. The company will find it an uphill climb when faced with the clients’ objection such athe competitors’ products are priced lower than your products despite the similarity in the products benefits and services. Third, William Baker (443) opined that the leaders must accept that some of the competitor’s products and services are better than the leaders’ products or services. In similar fashion as Mr. Lee Gun Hee did not accept being a second rate copycat electronics company forever. He aspired and worked hard to produce the world class Samsung products. Consequently, the company sales person, especially the hotel and restaurant industry person must accept the reality that some of the competitors’ products are of better quality than one’s own. For example, the smaller Japanese car runs using lesser gasoline quantities compared to the average American cars. The disparity in gasoline usage n is because the American cars are bigger than the Japanese cars. The bigger cars need more gasoline to bring them from point A to point B in the map. The sales person of a dot matrix printer must accept that the laser printers print faster and produces better quality pictures compared to the dot matrix printers. Fourth, Usha Ramanathan (7) emphasized the competitor’s before, during, and after sales services are better. The fact remains, some products have better features than others. Current and prospective clients prefer to buy products offering better and more benefits when comparing two or more competing brands. Consequently, the company must accept that the reality that the competitors’ brands are better than t heir own. For example, the electric typewriter sales person must accept that the clients will prefer to buy a personal computer to produce a word document instead of buying a typewriter. The benefits of the computer over the electric typewriter are very evident. The situation brings out a challenge to the all companies to continually innovate their products to the point where they will have the best products and the best services in the hotel, restaurant and other industries. Fifth, Yuanquion He (197) emphasized any company’s products may have a history of poor services at one time, but not all the time. For example, the manufacturer of the Toyota car brand has been charged for the malfunction of its car computer system. Some have complained the car computer accelerates when the brakes are sometimes stepped on. Families of car owners complained the car’s malfunctioning computer caused the lethal crash accidents. However, Toyota fixed the problem in the best possible wa y, the owner asking forgiveness for unintentional computer lapses. One of the best traits of the successful leader in the hospitality industry is to include the cultural diversity of the subordinates when instruction the subordinates to do a certain task or responsibility. In this regard, the leader should allow feedback mechanisms to grow. The feedback mechanism results will help educate the appointed leaders on the effect of each command or policy given to the subordinates. The leader may use the feedback messages to offer a sincere explanation on why one or more policies in the hotel industry or office industry. The successful leaders must have an open mind for everyone’s ideas; the subordinates have their own story or expertise to share to the leaders and owners of the hotel, restaurant, and other industry segments. According to Scott Eacott (35), the School Strategies the leaders may use entails using strategy. Strategy means avoiding bias in the distribution of job resp onsibilities. The manager should not delegate jobs on the basis of one’s gender. This would be used as a ground for case of illegal discrimination. However, the leader can leadership should take into account the social, political, historical, as well as cultural factors in delegating jobs to subordinates. Likewise, leadership includes treating each person an equal in the line and staff responsibilities. The leader must not show bias in the promotion or termination of subordinates or employees. The best leaders will show convincing authority and expertise on the subjective matter at hand. For example, the manager can demonstrate the proper way to fold a table napkin. The chef can convincingly teach the apprentice the rudiments of cooking food. Celester Varum (19) emphasized the successful leader in a hotel industry scene can institute a quality environment from the time the prospective client walks into the hotel’s front office section to inquire amount the rates, the s ervices, and the rules of the hotel establishment. The hotel manager can help policy planners and other related managers in the hotel and restaurant industry to persuade prospective clients of the many benefits of checking into the hotel for a night or a week of fun and relaxation. The hotel manager must offer the best possible room service as well as other amenities of the hotel to ensure the prospective clients returns for another night or week of friendly rendezvous. Leadership Lessons to be learned from Mr. Lee Gun Hee There are many lessons that can be drawn from studying the leadership style of Mr. Lee Gun Hee. His philosophy of giving the best to each client can be applied in the restaurant industry. The clients can be given the best quality service well within the confines of what the client has paid. However it would not be profitable to offer services to the current and prospective clients that may result to expenses exceeding the amount paid by the clients. In addition, M r. Lee Gun Hee was always in the forefront of the company. He would set up meetings with the subordinates to thresh out any loopholes in the company’s marketing as well as managements plans. The leaders must emulate Mr. Lee Gun Hee. The successful leaders must also visit each branch in any part of the world to see first –hand how the branch profits are being generated. Further, Mr. Lee Gun Hee’s theory of making each member think globally instead of locally will come a long way into modernizing the hotel and restaurant industry. The leaders of today can look up to Mr. Lee Gun Hee as the prime mover in having a selfless attitude towards work. Mr. Lee Gun Hee was not in any discomfort when he visited the company’s branches around the world. Mr. Lee Gun Hee would personally meet with the Japanese employees of the company’s branches in Japan. Mr. Lee Gun Hee would personally talk to the American employees of the Samsung branches in the United States. I n the same light, the managers of the hotel and restaurant industry should also visit the employees in branches strategically located in many parts of the world. The leaders should emulate Mr. Lee Gun Hee in presenting a no-nonsense leadership style. The leaders can emulate Mr. Lee Gun Hee by persuading and encouraging each and every employee to go that extra mile to offer the discriminating clients the best service they can give in exchange for the clients’ hard-earned money payments. The leaders can implement Mr. Lee Gun Hee’s style of placing importance on research and development of new products and processes. In the hotel scene, the managers can offer amenities that will make the hotel stay more comfortable. The leaders can offer privacy conditions to ensure clients will continue to return to the hotel’s and the restaurant’s premises. Further, leaders can emulate Mr. Lee Gun Hee by never accepting being the number one company as the end of the road. Instead, the leaders must continue to outdo itself in the next accounting period. Quality production should not be implemented only when the shareholders or the superiors are around. On the contrary, excellence in terms of hotel and restaurant service delivery should a way of life, an everyday zealous endeavor to touch the lives of the mere mortals, the clients, and make pamper them in kinglike and queenlike fashion during each day’s or each weeks’ rendezvous inside the cozy hotel and restaurant premises away from the busy hectic city life. Conclusion Based on the above discussion, the study of the leadership style of Lee Gun Hee is very beneficial to current and future leaders in all industries, especially those venturing into the complex hotel and restaurant world. The study shows that Lee Gun Hee was a man of vision. He devoted his life to making Samsung the number one product in the world. He was successful in this endeavor. The research shows that Lee Gun Hee was instrumental in the metamorphosis of the Samsung brand from a local Korean business enterprise to the world’s number one electronics product Indeed, current and future leaders will generate lots of priceless business strategies and other proven business secrets by studying the life of Lee Gun Hee. Works Cited Cotts, D.,(2010) The Facility Management Handbook. London: Amacom. Baker, W., (2009). The Complementary Effects of Market Orientatio. Journal of Small  Business Management , 47(4), 443- 464. Cowie, B., (2011). The Distribution of Leadership as an Influence on the Implementation of a National Policy Initiative. School Leadership and Management, 31(1), 47-63. Eacott, S. (2011). Leadership Strategies. School Leadership and Management ,31(1), 35 -46. Gomez, R., (2011). Service quality Control Mechanisms in Franchise Net works. The  Service Industry Journal, 31(5 ), 713 -723. He, Y., (2011). Linking Organizational Support to Employee CommitmentL Hotel Industry in China. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(1), 197-217. Lee, J., (2009). Wealth Doesn’t last 3 Generations. New York: World Scientific. McKimm, J., (2011). What is Leadership. The Clinical Teacher, 8(1), 22 -65. Plunkett, J., (2007). Plankett’s Advertising and Branding Industry of 2007. New York: Plunkett Press. Ramanathan, U.,(2011) Guest’s Perceptions on Factors Influencing Customer Loyalty in the Hotel Industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 23(1): 7 -25. Rao, S., (2011), Pricing Biologics: Strategic Priorities and a Conceptual Model. Journal  of Commercial Biotechnology, 17(1) 7 -23. Rowley, C.,(2001), Managing Korean Business. Studies in Asia Pacific Business, 1. Varum, C., (2011), Scenarios and Possible Futures for Hospitality and Tourism.  Foresight – The Journal of Future Sudies, 13(1) 19 -35. This research paper on Mr. Lee Gun Hee was written and submitted by user Harrison Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Handle Popular Culture Terms with Care

Handle Popular Culture Terms with Care Handle Popular Culture Terms with Care Handle Popular Culture Terms with Care By Mark Nichol Writers and editors must exercise caution when using terms and idioms that organically develop in popular culture. A misunderstanding of meaning or implication can adversely affect the message or impact of written content, so if you’re unsure about something, take a little time to research an unfamiliar or ambiguous word or phrase online. Sometimes, a pop culture pileup occurs because an idiom takes on two or more meanings. Take, for instance, the term redshirt. The traditional definition of the noun form describes a collegiate athlete kept out of competition in their freshman year to allow them to be eligible in their second through fifth years of higher education, rather than in the usual first four years. (These students, though still permitted to train with their teams, were originally distinguished from eligible teammates by wearing red shirts.) The term, thanks to the flexibility of the English language, also came to be used as an adjective (â€Å"The team has four redshirted players this year†) and a verb (â€Å"She redshirted last season.†) Furthermore, it has recently been extended to refer to children held back from kindergarten as a purported developmental benefit. However, a new, quite distinct meaning developed from usage among the fans of a cult television series that later expanded into an extensive multimedia franchise, and the term has become correspondingly more ubiquitous. On the original Star Trek series, initially aired during the late 1960s, at least one crew member of the starship Enterprise was often killed by some extraterrestrial menace or other and that person was usually a security officer, designated by a red uniform. Therefore, fans came to refer to these expendable stock characters as redshirts. (The latest Star Trek film, released in 2009, pays tribute to that trope by foreshadowing a bit character’s fate through the color of his uniform.) As familiarity with the Star Trek universe, and as appreciation of science fiction in general, became more pervasive in our culture, the concept of futuristic cannon fodder already had a name, and now the term is used throughout the sci-fi genre. (Similarly, at least one horror movie fan site, in its reviews, refers to doomed film characters as monster chow.) Numerous other references to the phrase pertain to various political and social movements that use or used such a garment as a unifying theme, and there’s even a Red Shirt School of Photography; this derogatory term refers to the tendency among National Geographic photographers and their imitators to favor (or even stage) brightly colored subjects for dramatic visual impact. Another pop culture reference with divergent meanings (though in this case, one was hatched from the other) is â€Å"rubber chicken.† The original trope is the prop of that description used in stand-up comedy and other entertainment such as juggling, and sometimes displayed at home or at the office as a goofy sight gag. (The rubber chicken apparently evolved from inflated pig bladders used as props by court jesters.) Subsequently, the term was employed to refer to the entree served as large invitation-only events that include a meal. Because of the time constraints, numerous plates of chicken are precooked, then reheated just before serving, giving the meat a tough consistency suggestive of the comic prop. From this term, the idiom â€Å"the rubber chicken circuit† was derived to describe the milieu of events such as fund-raising dinners for political campaigning, where such food is served. The next step in the pop culture progression, I suppose, is redshirted rubber chickens. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating ConjunctionsLatin Words and Expressions: All You Need to Know40 Idioms with First

Difference Between Baking Powder and Baking Soda

Difference Between Baking Powder and Baking Soda Both baking soda and baking powder are leavening agents, which means they are added to baked goods before cooking to produce carbon dioxide and cause them to rise. Baking powder contains baking soda, but the two substances are used under different conditions. Did You Know? You can  substitute  baking powder in place of baking soda (youll need more baking powder and it may affect the taste), but you cant use baking soda when a recipe calls for baking powder. Baking Soda Baking soda is pure sodium bicarbonate. When baking soda is combined with moisture and an acidic ingredient (e.g., yogurt, chocolate, buttermilk, honey), the resulting chemical reaction produces bubbles of carbon dioxide that expand under oven temperatures, causing baked goods to expand or rise. The reaction begins immediately upon mixing the ingredients, so you need to bake recipes which call for baking soda immediately, or else they will fall flat! Baking Powder Baking powder contains sodium bicarbonate, but it includes the acidifying agent already (cream of tartar), and also a drying agent (usually starch). Baking powder is available as single-acting baking powder and as double-acting baking powder. Single-acting powders are activated by moisture, so you must bake recipes which include this product immediately after mixing. Double-acting powders react in two phases and can stand for a while before baking. With double-acting powder, some gas is released at room temperature when the powder is added to dough, but the majority of the gas is released after the temperature of the dough increases in the oven. How Are Recipes Determined? Some recipes call for baking soda, while others call for baking powder. Which ingredient is used depends on the other ingredients in the recipe. The ultimate goal is to produce a tasty product with a pleasing texture. Baking soda is basic and will yield a bitter taste unless countered by the acidity of another ingredient, such as buttermilk. Youll find baking soda in cookie recipes. Baking powder contains both an acid and a base and has an overall neutral effect in terms of taste. Recipes that call for baking powder often call for other neutral-tasting ingredients, such as milk. Baking powder is a common ingredient in cakes and biscuits. Substituting in Recipes You can substitute baking powder in place of baking soda (youll need more baking powder and it may affect the taste), but you cant use baking soda when a recipe calls for baking powder. Baking soda by itself lacks the acidity to make a cake rise. However, you can make your own baking powder if you have baking soda and cream of tartar. Simply mix two parts cream of tartar with one part baking soda. Related Reading 5 Simple Buttermilk Substitutes: Most buttermilk you buy is made using chemistry. You can make homemade buttermilk yourself by simply adding an acidic kitchen ingredient to milk.Common Ingredient Substitutions: Baking powder and baking soda arent the only cooking ingredients people run out of!How Baking Powder Works: Learn how baking soda makes baked goods rise and why its used in some recipes but not others.How Baking Soda Works: Learn how baking soda works and how this affects how quickly you need to bake a recipe once you mix it.Baking Powder Shelf Life: Baking powder doesnt last forever. Learn about its shelf life and how to test it for freshness so your recipe doesnt fall flat.

Exploring the Metta Sutta Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exploring the Metta Sutta - Essay Example This is exemplified in the lines "This is what should be done by those who are skilled in goodness and who know the path of peace; Let them be able and upright, straightforward and gentle in speech. Humble and not conceited, contented and easily satisfied. Unburdened with duties and frugal in their ways. Peaceful and calm, and wise and skillful, not proud and demanding in nature." (Discourse On Loving-Kindness, n.d.). Also, the Metta Sutta develops towards the specific acts of goodness one should involve oneself in such as not going against the law. The fact that human beings are also emotional beings highly influenced by feelings in choosing a course of action, the law is an important guiding factor to successfully achieve peace and order in society. And as Buddhism accepts the idea of suffering which is inevitable in our society, the word "wise" in the lines "Let them not do the slightest thing that the wise would later reprove. Wishing: in gladness and in safety, may all beings be at ease,† for me, pertains to lawmakers who should be discerning in governing people and leading them to a better life so as to be able to avoid suffering (Discourse On Loving-Kindness, n.d.). After establishing ones responsibility to honing a peaceful society, it then likens the love and care people that people in position, people who are stronger, & richer should have towards those who are less fortunate to a mothers, which never fails, unconditional, forgiving, and enduring. This is being encompassed in these verses, "May all beings be at ease! Let none deceive another, or despise any being in any state. Let none through anger or ill-will wish harm upon another. Even as a mother protects with her life, her child, her only child, so with a boundless heart, should one cherish all living beings; radiating kindness over the entire world. Spreading upwards to the skies, and downwards to the

Group Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Group Plan - Essay Example 365). A more recent research conducted by Reynolds, Chen and Herbers (2009) indicates that mobility can not only impact students’ academic performance but can also increase the risk of dropping out. This study examined the consequences of student mobility for academic performance and dropout rates in 16 research studies conducted from 1990-2008. Result findings indicate that student mobility accounted for a 1/3 higher rate of both academic under achievement and drop-out rates (1). Rumberger (2002) advices that since nothing can be done about mobility the best response is to inform students and their families of the difficulties that are associated with â€Å"changing schools and how to mitigate them† (p.1). Specifically, Rumberger (2002) recommends that schools should be prepared in advance for the reception of highly mobile students in order to facilitate the transitioning process the moment they arrive. Moreover, schools should set up â€Å"ongoing activities and pro cedures to address the needs of the new student† (Rumberger 2002, p. 2). This group plan is therefore guided by Rumberger’s advice and the documented evidence of the propensity for academic underperformance of students in regular or frequent transition. ... It is difficult to predict the number of students that will be participating in each session, but it is expected to have at least five students and could be as much as twenty. At any rate, teacher representatives from each grade will be asked to participate in the group plan as a means of ensuring that incoming students and their parents/guardians can address any concerns about the curriculum and anything specific to their grade. These teachers are also expected to provide reassurance that they are there for the students and their parents/guardians and when and where they can be contacted. Academic dean, Arthur Baldridge will also be asked to participate in the sessions as frequently as possible. His role is merely to introduce himself and to make himself available to students and their parents/guardians. How Members will be selected Members will be selected by reference to the enrolment register. The enrolment register will inform of new and incoming students. Staff will be selected from among teachers and counsellors based on expertize and availability. The Academic Dean is very important because he administers and plans according to goals set for the student and the academic needs of the students. By participating in the group plan, the Academic Dean will focus special attention on the academic needs of transitioning students. Logistics: The sessions will be conducted once a week for one hour per session for six weeks. The sessions will be held in discussion form and since questionnaires will be distributed in the first and last sessions, it is best to hold the sessions in a classroom. Leadership Skills: As a leader of this

Part Gender Discrimination Plays In Career Development Sociology Essay

Part Gender Discrimination Plays In Career Development Sociology Essay As defined by Ambassador, F. J, Gender is a concept that refers to a system of roles and relationships between women and men that are determined, not by biology but by the social, political and economic context. The socially determined differences between men and women are referred to as gender, whilst the biologically determined characteristics are referred to as sex. An important distinction between gender and sex is all that women and men do, and all that is expected of them, apart from their distinct sexual function (child bearing and breast feeding, provision of sperm, impregnation) which changes with time and varied social and cultural factors (Ambassador F. J. B, 2007). As defined by Wikipedia on the other hand, Discrimination is a sociological term referring to the treatment taken towards or against a person of a certain group in consideration based solely on class or category. It refers to the actual behaviour portrayed by an individual, group of individuals or society towards another. And basically involves the denial of one group from opportunities and rights that are available to other groups. There are varied forms of discrimination, but any form of discrimination involves the exclusion of one group from the other Wikipedia, The free encyclopaedia, (http;//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination). Determined patterns of behaviour such as rights, obligations, and prerogatives assigned to females and males in society are referred to as gender roles. They differ with time, place and from one society to another. Gender roles are constructed on the stereotype such as; Men are better than women; Men are cleverer than women; Mens works are more valuable than womens work; Women are weak and dependent; Men are strong and independent; Furthermore, as culture is dynamic and socioeconomic situation change over time, so gender patterns change with them. What women and men do can radically changed as a result of war, famine or disaster. Gender does not address people but issues, issues such as relationships, roles, characteristics, differences and social expectations (Ambassador F. J. B, 2007, Abram, S. 2002). According to Ambassador F. J. B, (2007) , Gender issues in development concerns division of labour, inequality in access to resources, inputs and benefits. The questions to be asked are: Is there parity? Is access open to all? Is it close to some? Gender inequality is a development problem which refers to relations of power (between rich and poor, between women and men) that prevents equitable development and the participation of all. As a result, development moves at a slow pace, conflict, lack of interest, disunity, poor participation, opinion sharing becomes limited and there is a setback in society. The main concern about gender issues in development is the actions required to correct the imbalance between men and women. Gender issues are therefore not about womens participation or womens development per se. In the broader sense, they are about addressing imbalance in society. It is an important planning tool. The gender analysis of who does what or who controls what can assist p lanners in closing the gender gap since in planning the issue at stake is that of power relationship or power sharing (Ambassador F. J. B, 2007, Abram, S. 2002) . According to Ambassador F. J. B, (2007), a gender perspective looks not at women alone but at the relationship between women and men and how societies are structure along gender lines. It is concerned with: Womens involvement concerns, needs and aspirations as well as those for men; The impact of policies, plans and projects on women, men and children; Assessing to who the benefits accrue and in what ways, Financial and other qualitative and quantitative benefits may be assessed; The whole process of gender planning. According to Stuart Malkin, gender discrimination as the name implies, is a form of bias that is hurtful and to a great extent, it is as destructive as any other form of bias. In his Ezine article, Stuart Malkin stated that women and men are not created equal; they each have their God given strengths, focused on their responsibilities for procreation and family viability . These differences according to him are difficult to dismiss but are certainly not the cause for gender discrimination in the workplace in particular and society in general (http;//enzinearticle.com/?Gende-Bias-GenderDiscrimination-Gender-Equalityid=14755). Discrimination on the other is defined by Wikipedia as a term generally used by sociologists to refer to the treatment taken towards or against a person of a certain group in consideration based solely on class or category. It refers to a behaviour pattern portrayed by one group which involves excluding or restricting other group members from opportunities available them. There are various forms of discrimination, but all forms a virtually speaking the same language of rejection or exclusion (Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia (http;//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination) 1.2 Statement of the problem. Women form the largest single sector of the population in the United Kingdom but yet form the minority group in the attainment of leadership roles in the labour force. For decades, women across the board have been battling against inequality between men in a bid to bridge the labour force gap, and yet face some form of gender discrimination in the workplace that limit their challenge to attain higher level management roles. The perception about womens recognition were based on stereotypical assumptions and prejudice such as; womens achievement was to a great extent attributed to luck or effort rather than the ability to perform, men are cleaver than women; Men are strong and independent; Women are weak and dependent; and a vast majority of people had the notion that child bearing and house maintenance are predominantly a womans social roles and responsibilities. Such perceived assumptions resulted to the vast majority of competent women that have excellence potential to stagnate in j ob assignments that lack challenge. Moreover, unlike men, women over the years have limited legal, political and economic rights which largely increased their dependency on men for financial and other means of support (Lyness and Thomson, 1997). However, with the advent of equal employment opportunity legislations and the formation of the Gender and career Development-UK, and the Equal Opportunity Commissions to enforce and implement these legislations in practice and promote equal opportunity, womens rights are now protected by law against any form of discrimination in the work place that tend to limit or restrict their aspirations and career advancement opportunities as well as enabling them to overcome prejudice. Even though women to a certain extent have experienced a positive change in their social status due to employment equality legislations and law enforcement, there is certainty among women as well as the ethnic minority that discrimination and inequality still exist in some form. A good number of women and ethnic minority group face artificial barriers in establishments that deter them from making the best use of their knowledge, skills and abilities to ascend the career lather. Unlike men, there is considerable number of occupations or positions that appeared impossible for women to attain. Therefore, the vast majority of women in the UK labour force are represented in middle and low managerial positions with less decision making, whilst senior level management and important decision making positions are held by men. It is because of this gender gap and imbalance in society that has brought the idea to investigate about the eminent barriers that prevent women from career advancement. 1.3 The Purpose of the Study This research study is an attempt to examine the part gender discrimination play in career development; a case study of maternity returners in the UK legal Profession. Therefore in this research study, career development in maternity returners is being evaluated and compared with the career development in men. From the aspect of career development in maternity returners in the UK legal profession especially in the area of promotion, the present literature suggests an incomplete attempt to identify and resolve the barriers women face in career development in the workplace. Therefore, this research study is an attempt to bridge those gaps in the present literature regarding the obstacles (barriers) women especially maternity returners experience within the UK legal profession. Successful identification and examination of these barriers will form a unique benchmark for recommendation in order to create a viable society that is discrimination free and thus create a frame work for career development of maternity returners in the UK legal profession. Research studies conducted by Killham et al (2005) concluded that present day organisations recognise the importance of developing women leaders for the twenty first century (Killhan, Hookah, and McCarty, 2005). ONeill (2005) highlighted that for any organisation to thrive and succeed in the future depends largely on their success in helping women leaders succeed. Although there appeared to be an increase in the proportion of women in the labour force according to Killham et al, 2005, an attempt to hire and retain this accelerating pool of talent requires the ability of organisations to identify and mitigate the potential threats women face in these establishments, and the ability of these establishments to meet the developmental needs of the said talent pool. A greater dexterity is achieved in every particular staff in establishments that target and successfully develop this increasing pool of talent, and hence achieve a comparative advantage over other establishments in attracting and retaining highly skilled and talented staff (killham, Hookhah, and McCarty, 2005). Recent research with regards to the glass ceiling suggested that Gender discrimination in career development have negative implications in the development of society in general and organisations in particular (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_ceiling). Although issues surrounding gender discrimination has been a part of the UK government and organisational policies and are tackled with unique legislations within the frame work of developing future leaders, research targeting the barriers to career development of maternity returners in the UK legal profession are yet to be examined and addressed. The findings from the investigation of the barriers to career development of maternity returners in the UK legal profession will serve to mitigate the rising problems of women stagnating in lower managerial positions (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_ceiling). The gap in the research related to across gender relationships, which is typical of an organisation such as the UK legal profession where the vast majority of the senior positions are held by males, prompted the need to examine the specific limitations that deter women (maternity returners) from attaining senior positions as their male counterpart. The study seeks to fill some of the major gaps in the present literature by providing a frame work that addresses the barriers to career development in women, especially maternity returners. 1.4 Significance of the study The significance of this research study can be viewed based on the following reasons; There is a minute fraction of women in leadership positions that can be looked upon as role models. The conduct of this research study is to assist the UK legal profession in achieving better organisational performance through the reduction or otherwise elimination of gender discrimination barriers in order to enable women attain their desired objectives. Women to a great extent are playing a vital and diverse role within the UK legal profession. 1.5 Objectives of the study The ultimate objective of the present study is to investigate the likelihood of women to gain promotion on return from maternity. The immediate objectives are as follows; To examine the frequency of promotion; To examine potential barriers to development; To examine the utility of gender based initiatives; To examine justice perception. To evaluate the quality of work ; To examine the skills and qualifications acquired; To examine the length of service; To examine employee development and gender discrimination; 1.6 Justification of the Study 1.6.1 Lost Productivity: In an establishment where gender discrimination is prevalent, there is every tendency for competent employees with excellent potential to remain in-situ in non-challenging job positions. This to a great extent can lead to lost productivity and will result to the employee seeking for another job elsewhere. This to a great extent can lead to lost productivity and will result to the employee seeking for another job elsewhere. In most cases, the most competent employees are denied of adequate training, not considered for promotions and are denied of raises based on gender. The employees that face this type of discrimination often become dissatisfied and hence in most cases result in lost productivity. On a daily bases, employees who feel they are less appreciated or inadequately compensated will not give their best to the job but may rather spend paid work time on unrelated job activities like gossiping with co-workers about labour practices that seem unfair or j ob hunting, to name but a few. When employees feel they are been discriminated against at work, and are unable to find an immediate positive remedy, can increase their anxiety, increase dependence or result to substance abuse and cause depression. Company sick leave increase as a result, and can cause work to be limited and hence result to lost productivity (Julia, F, 2010). 1.6.2 Trained Personnel Leave: If trained and competent personnel do not see growth opportunities, they will eventually leave the company, thereby creating a void or gap that needs to be filled. Though employees are replaceable, it requires time and money to train one. Moreover, it requires a great deal of time to enable a new employee to develop a level of efficiency or productivity that is equal to that held by a previous experienced employee. By having to spend this additional time and money to train and develop new employees means lost production and increased work hours, and hence the profit potential of the company is reduced (Julia, F, 2010). 1.6.3 Decreased Profits: Lawsuits, public chiding and sanctions may arise as a result of discrimination at workplace. Dealing with issues surrounding these lawsuits and sanctions may lead to a considerable drain in company resources. These drained resources are sometimes more than just monetary. Attending hearing sessions and working on negotiations may require experienced personnel which tend to take expertise away from the company leaving the gap either void or less qualified personnel may need to tentatively fill the gap and hence production is at stake. The company can lose customer confidence if lawsuits become public knowledge. There is every tendency that customers may result to taking their business elsewhere and highly qualified personnel may seek for jobs elsewhere. This will ultimately cause the company to lose potential profits (Julia, F, 2010). 1.6.4 Lack of Team Work: Gender discrimination can cause employees to have a different perception about the job and hence working together as a team becomes ineffective in the workplace. This is more so when an employee realises that there are differences (parity) in compensation with his co-employee who has less responsibility, and yet received a better compensation because of gender. When asked to work together on a team project, the employee being discriminated against may not give his or her best. As a result, the individuals expertise and abilities are lost (Julia, F, 2010). 1.7 Research Questions. 3. LITERATURE REVIEW The focus of this research study is an attempt to examine what part does gender discrimination play in career development? A case study of maternity returners in the United Kingdom legal profession. The literature in this research is focused entirely on two broad categories; viz-a-viz gender discrimination and career development; and how gender discrimination affect potential career attainment of employees in establishments in particular and society in general. Women across the board are been discriminated at various fronts. Even though a lot has been done to bridge the gap on gender discrimination through Government legislation and organisational policies, there is yet more to be investigated and resolved in order to achieve the desired impact in development. Gender Discrimination in career development and attainment of leadership roles is a major concern facing women in organisations in the United Kingdom; and is the principal factor that causes women over the years to lag behind in the advancement to higher levels in most organizations ( ). A lot of research has been done on gender discrimination and the effect it has on the development of society. These include a comparative study conducted by the gender and career development-UK 2005/6, and the glass ceiling effect that examined the issue of gender and carer development and examine the continuing restrictions or limitations to achieving equality of opportunity in career development in the United Kingdom. This was a labour force survey conducted by the National Office for statistics (Labour force Survey Table 19 http://www.statistics.gov.uk). This is reflected on the data illustrated in table 1. The data suggests that female employees are less likely to gain managerial positions due to reasons yet undiscovered which this case study is attempting to investigate. The data (on segregation and mobility) below is taken from the Labour Force Survey published by the National Office for Statistics. Table 1. All in employment by socio-economic classification (%) Total Higher Managerial Lower Managerial Intermediate Small employer and own business Lower supervisory Semi-routine Routine All 28,812 14.4 28.5 12.3 9.9 10.7 14.3 10 Male 15,524 18.8 24.7 6.2 13.6 14.2 10.5 12.2 Female 13,288 9.3 32.9 19.4 5.5 6.7 18.8 7.4 Source: Labour Force Survey Table 19 http://www.statistics.gov.uk/ (Extracted, Table 2. Part time and temporary workers by socio-economic classification. Total Higher Managerial % Lower Managerial % Intermediate % Small employer and own business % Lower supervisory % Semi-routine % Routine % All 7,324 5.9 21.9 17.3 9.1 6.1 26.7 13 Male 1,996 10 19.3 7.1 19 6.1 21.2 17.3 Female 5,655 4.9 22.5 19.7 6.7 6.1 28.1 12 Source: NOS Table 21 http://www.statistics.gov.uk/ The Gender and career development -UK is working with employers and professional institutes to tackle the structured barriers that tend to deter women from working in certain SET profession. The focus of recent research has been on the glass ceiling effect that impedes the career development of women in the attainment of leadership roles. The situation is referred to as ceiling as there is a limitation blocking upward advancement, and glass (transparent) because the limitation is not immediately apparent and is normally an unwritten and an unofficial policy. The current research study is an attempt to examine the part that gender discrimination play in career development; a case study of maternity returners in the legal profession (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_ceiling). However, a comprehensive research conducted by Kathrine et al (1979) discovered that in principle there appeared a clear path of promotion, but in reality women seem to face impeding factors that limit or retard their career development path. Most women in the labour force cultivated this concept of career development limiting factors, and refused to penetrate and progress beyond these limits. Some authors refer to this situation as the glass ceilin. It is called Ceiling because there appeared to be a limitation or barrier blocking career advancement, and glass (transparent) because the barrier is not immediately apparent and is normally and unwritten and unofficial policy. To a greater extent, this apparent barrier continues to exist in an invisible nature; and is mainly targeted at women in a bid to prevent them from acquiring jobs at the top level. Since it is unlawful to discriminate by any means such as this, organisations tend to avoid outlining job specifications based on gend er discrimination on job adverts as Equal Employment Opportunity laws deter organisations from discriminating as thus. However, establishments exercise career development discriminatory barriers in a form invisible to the target group and would not accept responsibility if suspected of such act of discrimination. In many cases, establishments tend to use indirect form of gender discriminations to justify their actions. This limiting barrier of glass ceiling deters a considerable number of women from reaching and securing potentially lucrative and prestigious jobs in the labour force. This apparent and invisible barrier to a greater extent instills the concept of women feeling inferior, unworthy and lacks the confidence to aspire and secure positions of high ranks. The author further noted that this invisible barrier gives women the feeling that their bosses do not take them seriously by all means or do not see them as potential candidates for jobs of greater responsibility (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_ceiling). However, Carly Fiorina proclaimed that there is nothing that appears like a glass ceiling that prevents women from reaching the top upon becoming Chief Executive Officer and chairwoman of the board of HP. Upon completion of her tenure in office, she called her earlier statement a dumb thing to say. In an article written by Rebecca Traister (The truth about Carly, 2009), gave the idea behind Carlys statement (dumb thing to say) meaning that women shouldnt fixate on an invisible barrier thats going to get their way, they should focus on possibilities. (http://www.salon.com/life/feature/2006/10/19/carly_fiorina). As the name implies, glass ceiling is a term that many schools of thought used to describe the perceived barrier to career development (advancement) in most employment establishments and government parastatals due to gender or sex discrimination. The Glass Ceiling Commission in the United States, a government-funded group, provided significant findings regarding the persistence in gender discrimination in the industrial sector and service company employment. The commission presented a statistical analysis in the above mentioned sector employment status. As cited by the commission Over half of all Masters degrees are now awarded to women, yet 95% of senior-level managers, of the top fortune 1000 industrial and 500 service companies are men. In that light the commission recommended a reverse discrimination in a bid to end this form of discrimination. The recommendations strictly reflect hiring and promotional decisions and must not be based on gender perspectives but rather on qualification and experience of employees (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_ceiling). In another development, the United Nations presented a comprehensive literature in 2006 on account of women and the glass ceiling. Significant findings from the said research study suggested that the rate at which women around the Globe attain leadership and decision making position remains far too slow, and the fortunate ones underwent a deal of struggle to penetrate and break through the glass ceiling. As cited by Rachel Mayanja (Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Gender Issues), The past ten years have seen the fastest growth in the number of women in parliaments, yet even at this rate, parity between women and men in parliaments will not be reached until 2040. (http://www.un.org/women.watch/daw/csw/50sess.htm), (http://www.un.org/women.watch/feature/iwd/2006/press releaseIWD8march.pdf). Ruderman et al provided an insight on how existing promotional norms can be investigated and challenged within organisations. His findings presented a comprehensive case analysis of decisions regarding promotion in an organisation.  This research study depicted cases where there  were some variations in the pattern of promotions of men and women.  As cited by Ruderman et al, one key difference was when decision makers spoke about promotions of men they often (75% of cases) mentioned a high level of comfort with the candidate.   For women the key issue was continuity where the person promoted should already have an intimate knowledge of part of the new job.   According to Ruderman et al, managers seem to have some amount of hesitation in promoting women as they require them to demonstrate personal strength, and being able to prove themselves extensively before a promotion is made.   Men on the other hand are less likely to have their promotion accounted for in terms of fam iliarity with job responsibilities. Conger, S. (2002) provided a justifiable argument for the formation of a career development culture as a means (among others) of addressing disproportionate numbers of women and other target groups at lower levels. The development of an organisation depends greatly on its career development culture as it helps in addressing the key organisational aspects of productivity, competitiveness, affirmative action, and succession planning. It gives employees the ability to redefine their talents to realize the full potential of their jobs. This can be achieved by supervision and appraisal, and organizing a system of mentorship. A managed career development culture can be rewardfull to the employee in particular and the establishment in general. Moreover, Congers argument offers the means to accomplish the reasons why both management and workers want a career development culture.  In another development, Conger developed five strategies which employees need to recognise, create and follow a s career opportunities which are beyond the scope of this research (Conger, S. 2002). According to Eagly et al (2007), there are a host of limiting factors that stop or prevent women from advancing to or aspiring for senior level positions which include domestic obligations and child caring, disparity in pay and resistance to womens leadership, and suggestions were offered to organisations on account of career development in women (advancing women into higher-level roles). Establishments that handle and manage work and work related (employee family) issues well, and do not discriminate against pregnant or potentially pregnant employees, have a greater tendency to attract and retain the talented staff and at the same time enabling them especially the female staff to reach their full potential and hence greater dexterity in every particular employee is attained. As a result, a high degree of return to work rate for women after maternity leave is expected. According to McMaster, F (2005), the rate of returns (benefits) from developing women returners into leadership roles is significant. This was an approach taken by IBM Asia Pacific in relation to workplace flexibility. A statistical analysis drawn by the Australian Bureau of statistics, suggested that an estimated number of 118 Australians return to paid work when their child is aged 6 months or even younger. In a bid to work in accordance with National Health and Medical Research Council recommendations of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months and World Health Organisation recommendations for ongoing breastfeeding to two years and beyond, workplace support is crucial (http://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/bfinfo/mfwp.html). As cited by Creagh et al (1998), three case studies were drawn from Sweden, Italy and the UK regarding flexible work practices. In their research, they were able to explore the advantages and disadvantages for both employers and employees. The research analysis suggested that flexible work practices can yield positive outcome if the required basic steps are followed. According to Sheridan et al (2000), a Human Resource Management model was developed and intended to be used to bridge the gap between employer and employee needs with regards to workplace flexibility. The model is intended to develop a process of change that reflects flexible work arrangements that is of mutual benefits to both employers and employees. Long term benefits can be achieved by the organisation when the full potential of the employees is realised. Kottke et al presented a paper that highlighted four key underlying processes for intervention to overcome the barriers women face in career development. These include;  Social cognitions, threat potential, justice perceptions, and how to utilise gender based initiatives.This findings suggest that an understanding of how social cognitions, perceptions of fairness, threat, and utility can individually and collectively impact the success or failure of programs to advance women, organizational leaders can develop and implement informed practices that are embraced by all members of the organization and which, consequently, further the advancement of all organizational members.These processes must be considered, followed and managed as part of the development, implementation and evaluation of initiatives targeting womens career development in a bid to achieve the desired goal.  Ã‚   Francis et al (2002) developed a paper in the construction industry that highlighted issues surrounding workers families that is equally relevant and applicable to other works of life. The paper outlined the need for the use of non-traditional management methods to cater for the increased number of women in the work force. Legal requirements and organisational performance were the reasons presented to justify why organisations should care about workers families. A number of initiatives that organisations in general can adopt and implement are then identified and described. According to Davey et al (1994), a research study was conducted that involved in depth interview of 16 women as well as completed and analysed questionnaires of a further 160 women who had taken maternity leave from one institution over an 8 year period.  The results obtained from analysis, offered an insight into who returns to work, what provisions and opportunities that encourage women to return and the benefits to the organization in providing these provisions. According to a research study conducted in Australia regarding circumstances surrounding pregnancy discrimination at work and progress to formal redress, 318 cases were explored of alleged workplace pregnancy discrimination which were reported to a community advocacy organisation

Fahrenheit

Our culture should not have censored material. I think that if you have censored material it is hiding away part of the real world. Keeping controversial and upsetting material away from the public eye promotes ignorance and stupidity, but I feel that sometimes there should be limitations for the comfort of others. Overall, people should become more open minded and except the fact that they are going to see or hear things they do not want to. I think if you do not like something, then do not do anything that has to do with it.In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury he shows that censoring material causes people to become lazy and not think. Around the beginning of part 2 Faber says, â€Å"Do you know why books such as this are so important? Because they have quality. And what does the word quality mean? To me it means texture. This book has pores† (Bradbury 88). I think this is an example of how people become ignorant. When Faber is saying the book has pores, I think he saying since it has pores it makes you really think about what it is saying.If people cannot read the books and just live in their own little world they will not be able to actually think about the meaning of things. Reading books make people think, why? When the firemen are burning all these books in the society, the people will not be able to think or gain knowledge. They will all have the same intelligence they did when they were 10. This is not the only example Bradbury shows. In the story, Mildred has a room with a 3 wall television. She is always in there and her family is her family in the television.She is always watching it that she thinks it is reality. I think that her watching television all the time that is has affected her memory. For example, when Montag walks in the bedroom he feels, â€Å"Complete darkness, not a hint of the silver world outside†¦ a chamber a tomb world where no sound from the great city could penetrate† (Bradbury 15). His wife is so sucked into thi s room that one time Mildred had kept taking her pills forgetting that she took one. Her brain has been drained by the television. She has not thought about anything else which caused her to have short term memory.All she did was watch television and you do not have to think when you are watching television. In the You Have Insulted Me letter Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. wrote, â€Å"You should also resolve to expose your children to all sorts of opinions and information, in order that they will be better equipped to make decisions and to survive† (192). I agree with what he is saying. If there is hidden information from your children and they go out into the world, it would be hard for them to face a problem or challenge they have.For example, if these parents had a child and home schooled her her whole life, it would be difficult for her to go out and be social with her peers. Also, if she had a problem with someone, she would not know what to do. I think this is just like hiding boo ks from people. If you hide important information from people it causes them to be less open minded. In conclusion, I think that censoring material causes ignorance and stupidity for someone. If you do not want to see or hear something, then do not. Let the other person do what they want and just avoid them.There is no reason to get offended if someone likes to do something or read something that you do not. I think if people were more open minded and less hypocritical I think we would not have this problem today. If you want to do what you want, another person should be able to also, but people nowadays do not think well because they are too into their video games or television and their brains just get drained out. I believe if more of the population actually tried to understand the meaning of things, we would all be less ignorant and stupid.